Building a semantic map: top-down versus bottom-up approaches

Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Approaches in Risk Management

Banks and other financial institutions face the necessity to merge the economic capital for credit risk, market risk, operational risk and other risk types to one overall economic capital number to assess their capital adequacy in relation to their risk profile. Beside just adding the economic capital numbers or assuming multivariate normality, the top-down and the bottom-up approach have been ...

Visual Attention: Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down

Visual attention is attracted by salient stimuli that 'pop out' from their surroundings. Attention can also be voluntarily directed to objects of current importance to the observer. What happens in the brain when these two processes interact?

Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Investing

in a world market where there are tens of thousands of stocks and hundreds of thousands of corporate bonds and other fixed-income securities, it is next to impossible for individual investors who have other things to do to figure out what to buy and what to sell. instead, we buy accounts and funds managed by investment professionals. how do professional investment managers form portfolios of se...

Bottom-up, top-down

Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Learning in Skill A quisition